Everything about Lymphomas totally explained
Lymphoma is a type of neoplasm that originates in
lymphocytes (a type of
white blood cell in the vertebrate
immune system). There are many types of lymphoma. Lymphomas are part of the broad group of diseases called
hematological neoplasms.
In the 19th and 20th centuries the affliction was called
Hodgkin's Disease, as it was discovered by
Thomas Hodgkin in
1832. Colloquially, lymphoma is broadly categorized as
Hodgkin's lymphoma and
non-Hodgkin lymphoma (all other types of lymphoma). Scientific classification of the types of lymphoma is more detailed.
Although older classifications referred to histiocytic lymphomas, these are recognized in newer classifications as of
B,
T or
NK cell lineage. Histiocytic malignancies are rare and are classified as
sarcomas.
Prevalence
According to the U.S.
National Institutes of Health, lymphomas account for about five percent of all cases of cancer in the United States, and Hodgkin's lymphoma in particular accounts for less than one percent of all cases of cancer in the United States.
Because the whole system is part of the body's immune system, patients with a weakened immune system, such as from
HIV infection or from certain drugs or medication, also have a higher incidence of lymphoma.
Classification
WHO classification
The
WHO Classification is the latest classification of lymphoma, published by the
World Health Organization in 2001. It was based upon the "Revised European-American Lymphoma classification" (REAL).
This classification attempts to classify lymphomas by cell type, for example the normal cell type that most likely resembles the tumor. They are classified in three large groups: the
B cell tumors, the
T cell and
natural killer cell tumors,
Hodgkin lymphoma, and other less common groups: (
ICD-O codes are provided where available).
Mature B cell neoplasms
Mature T cell and natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms
T cell prolymphocytic leukemia
T cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia
Aggressive NK cell leukemia
Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type
Enteropathy-type T cell lymphoma
Hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma
Blastic NK cell lymphoma
Mycosis fungoides / Sezary syndrome
Primary cutaneous CD30-positive T cell lymphoproliferative disorders
Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma
Peripheral T cell lymphoma, unspecified
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma
- Nodular sclerosis
- Mixed cellularity
- Lymphocyte-rich
- Lymphocyte depleted or not depleted
Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders
Associated with a primary immune disorder
Associated with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Post-transplant
Associated with Methotrexate therapy
Working formulation
The Working Formulation, published in 1982, is primarily descriptive. It is still occasionally used, but has been superseded by the WHO classification, above.
Low grade
Malignant Lymphoma, small lymphocytic (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)
Malignant Lymphoma, follicular, predominantly small cleaved cell
Malignant Lymphoma, follicular, mixed (small cleaved and large cell)
High grade
Malignant Lymphoma, large cell, immunoblastic
Malignant Lymphoma, lymphoblastic
Malignant Lymphoma, small non-cleaved cells (Burkitt's lymphoma)
Miscellaneous
Composite
Mycosis fungoides
Histiocytic
Extramedullary plasmacytoma
Unclassifiable
Other classification systems
ICD-O (codes 9590-9999, details at (External Link
)) (archive link, was dead)
ICD-10 (codes C81-C96, details at (External Link))
Diagnosis, etiology, staging, prognosis, and treatment
See separate links to Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Genetics
Enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is environmentally induced as a result of the consumption of Triticeae glutens. In gluten sensitive individuals with EATL 68% are homozygotes of the DQB1*02 subtype at the HLA-DQB1 locus (serotype DQ2). (See Coeliac Disease, HLA-DQ, HLA DR3-DQ2)
Further Information
Get more info on 'Lymphomas'.
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